Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/302311709?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Tuesday, April 30, 2013
Grocery delivery service is greener than driving to the store
Apr. 29, 2013 ? At the end of a long day, it can be more convenient to order your groceries online while sitting on the living room couch instead of making a late-night run to the store. New research shows it's also much more environmentally friendly to leave the car parked and opt for groceries delivered to your doorstep.
University of Washington engineers have found that using a grocery delivery service can cut carbon dioxide emissions by at least half when compared with individual household trips to the store. Trucks filled to capacity that deliver to customers clustered in neighborhoods produced the most savings in carbon dioxide emissions.
"A lot of times people think they have to inconvenience themselves to be greener, and that actually isn't the case here," said Anne Goodchild, UW associate professor of civil and environmental engineering. "From an environmental perspective, grocery delivery services overwhelmingly can provide emissions reductions."
Consumers have increasingly more grocery delivery services to choose from. AmazonFresh operates in the Seattle area, while Safeway's service is offered in many U.S. cities. FreshDirect delivers to residences and offices in the New York City area. Last month, Google unveiled a shopping delivery service experiment in the San Francisco Bay Area, and UW alumni recently launched the grocery service Geniusdelivery in Seattle.
As companies continue to weigh the costs and benefits of offering a delivery service, Goodchild and Erica Wygonik, a UW doctoral candidate in civil and environmental engineering, looked at whether using a grocery delivery service was better for the environment, with Seattle as a test case. In their analysis, they found delivery service trucks produced 20 to 75 percent less carbon dioxide than the corresponding personal vehicles driven to and from a grocery store.
They also discovered significant savings for companies -- 80 to 90 percent less carbon dioxide emitted -- if they delivered based on routes that clustered customers together, instead of catering to individual household requests for specific delivery times.
"What's good for the bottom line of the delivery service provider is generally going to be good for the environment, because fuel is such a big contributor to operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions," Wygonik said. "Saving fuel saves money, which also saves on emissions."
The research was funded by the Oregon Department of Transportation and published in the Journal of the Transportation Research Forum.
The UW researchers compiled Seattle and King County data, assuming that every household was a possible delivery-service customer. Then, they randomly drew a portion of those households from that data to identify customers and assign them to their closest grocery store. This allowed them to reach across the entire city, without bias toward factors such as demographics and income level.
They used an Environmental Protection Agency modeling tool to calculate emissions at a much more detailed level than previous studies have done. Using factors such as vehicle type, speed and roadway type, they calculated the carbon dioxide produced for every mile for every vehicle.
Emissions reductions were seen across both the densest parts and more suburban areas of Seattle. This suggests that grocery delivery in rural areas could lower carbon dioxide production quite dramatically.
"We tend to think of grocery delivery services as benefiting urban areas, but they have really significant potential to offset the environmental impacts of personal shopping in rural areas as well," Wygonik said.
Work commuters are offered a number of incentives to reduce traffic on the roads through discounted transit fares, vanpools and carpooling options. Given the emissions reductions possible through grocery delivery services, the research raises the question of whether government or industry leaders should consider incentives for consumers to order their groceries online and save on trips to the store, Goodchild said.
In the future, Goodchild and Wygonik plan to look at the influence of customers combining their grocery shopping with a work commute trip and the impact of the delivery service's home-base location on emissions.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/kNz_k9R6AKw/130429095147.htm
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Vampire Weekend Step Out Of The Shadows With Modern Vampires Of The City
Despite what you may have read, VW don't get 'dark' on their new album — they go 'deep.'
By James Montgomery
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1706532/vampire-weekend-modern-vampires-city-steve-buscemi.jhtml
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Monday, April 29, 2013
Russia caught bomb suspect on wiretap
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Russian authorities secretly recorded a telephone conversation in 2011 in which one of the Boston bombing suspects vaguely discussed jihad with his mother, officials said Saturday, days after the U.S. government finally received details about the call.
In another conversation, the mother of now-dead bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev was recorded talking to someone in southern Russia who is under FBI investigation in an unrelated case, officials said.
The conversations are significant because, had they been revealed earlier, they might have been enough evidence for the FBI to initiate a more thorough investigation of the Tsarnaev family.
As it was, Russian authorities told the FBI only that they had concerns that Tamerlan and his mother were religious extremists. With no additional information, the FBI conducted a limited inquiry and closed the case in June 2011.
Two years later, authorities say Tamerlan and his brother, Dzhohkar, detonated two homemade bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three and injuring more than 260. Tamerlan was killed in a police shootout and Dzhohkar is under arrest.
In the past week, Russian authorities turned over to the United States information it had on Tamerlan and his mother, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva. The Tsarnaevs are ethnic Chechens who emigrated from southern Russia to the Boston area over the past 11 years.
Even had the FBI received the information from the Russian wiretaps earlier, it's not clear that the government could have prevented the attack.
In early 2011, the Russian FSB internal security service intercepted a conversation between Tamerlan and his mother vaguely discussing jihad, according to U.S. officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation with reporters.
The two discussed the possibility of Tamerlan going to Palestine, but he told his mother he didn't speak the language there, according to the officials, who reviewed the information Russia shared with the U.S.
In a second call, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva spoke with a man in the Caucasus region of Russia who was under FBI investigation. Jacqueline Maguire, a spokeswoman for the FBI's Washington Field Office, where that investigation was based, declined to comment.
There was no information in the conversation that suggested a plot inside the United States, officials said.
It was not immediately clear why Russian authorities didn't share more information at the time. It is not unusual for countries, including the U.S., to be cagey with foreign authorities about what intelligence is being collected.
Nobody was available to discuss the matter early Sunday at FSB offices in Moscow.
Jim Treacy, the FBI's legal attache in Moscow between 2007 and 2009, said the Russians long asked for U.S. assistance regarding Chechen activity in the United States that might be related to terrorism.
"On any given day, you can get some very good cooperation," Treacy said. "The next you might find yourself totally shut out."
Zubeidat Tsarnaeva has denied that she or her sons were involved in terrorism. She has said she believed her sons have been framed by U.S. authorities.
But Ruslan Tsarni, an uncle of the Tsarnaev brothers and Zubeidat's former brother-in-law, said Saturday he believes the mother had a "big-time influence" as her older son increasingly embraced his Muslim faith and decided to quit boxing and school.
After receiving the narrow tip from Russia in March 2011, the FBI opened a preliminary investigation into Tamerlan and his mother. But the scope was extremely limited under the FBI's internal procedures.
After a few months, they found no evidence Tamerlan or his mother were involved in terrorism.
The FBI asked Russia for more information. After hearing nothing, it closed the case in June 2011.
In the fall of 2011, the FSB contacted the CIA with the same information. Again the FBI asked Russia for more details and never heard back.
At that time, however, the CIA asked that Tamerlan's and his mother's name be entered into a massive U.S. terrorism database.
The CIA declined to comment Saturday.
Authorities have said they've seen no connection between the brothers and a foreign terrorist group. Dzhohkar told FBI interrogators that he and his brother were angry over wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the deaths of Muslim civilians there.
Family members have said Tamerlan was religiously apathetic until 2008 or 2009, when he met a conservative Muslim convert known only to the family as Misha. Misha, they said, steered Tamerlan toward a stricter version of Islam.
Two U.S. officials say investigators believe they have identified Misha. While it was not clear whether the FBI had spoken to him, the officials said they have not found a connection between Misha and the Boston attack or terrorism in general.
___
Associated Press writer Adam Goldman in Washington and Michael Kunzelman in Boston contributed to this report.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/apnewsbreak-russia-caught-bomb-suspect-wiretap-211814701.html
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Sunday, April 28, 2013
U.S. tries new aerial tools in Caribbean drug fight
ABOARD THE HIGH SPEED VESSEL SWIFT (AP) ? Drug smugglers who race across the Caribbean in speedboats will typically jettison their cargo when spotted by surveillance aircraft, hoping any chance of prosecuting them will vanish with the drugs sinking to the bottom of the sea.
That may be a less winning tactic in the future. The U.S. Navy on Friday began testing two new aerial tools, borrowed from the battlefields of Afghanistan and Iraq, that officials say will make it easier to detect, track and videotape drug smugglers in action.
One of the devices on display aboard the High Speed Vessel Swift is a large, white balloon-like craft known as an aerostat, which is tethered up to 2,000 feet (600 meters) above the ship's stern. The other tool on board for tests in the Florida Straits is a type of drone that can be launched by hand from the deck.
Together, they expand the ability of Navy and Coast Guard personnel to see what's beyond their horizon, according to officials from both military branches and the contractors hoping to sell the devices to the U.S. government.
The devices should allow authorities to detect and monitor suspected drug shipments from afar for longer sustained periods, giving them a better chance of stopping the smugglers. They also should allow them to make continuous videotapes that can be used in prosecutions.
"Being able to see them and watch what they are doing even before we get there is going to give us an edge," said Chief Chris Sinclair, assistant officer in charge of a law enforcement detachment on board the Swift, a private vessel leased to the Navy that is about to begin a monthlong deployment to the southwestern Caribbean, tracking the busy smuggling routes off Colombia and Honduras.
Crews practiced launching and operating both systems before a small contingent of news media on board the Swift, managing to bring back video of vessels participating in a mock surveillance mission as well as radar and video images of the fishing charters and sailboats that dot the choppy seas separating Cuba from the U.S. mainland.
The drone, officially a Puma All Environment unmanned aircraft system from Aerovironment Inc. of Simi Valley, California, splashed into the water on one landing and had to be retrieved. On the second round, it clacked noisily but intact on the shifting deck of the 321-foot ship. Rear Adm. Sinclair Harris, commander of the Navy's 4th Fleet, said the devices are necessary at a time when the service is making a transition to smaller, faster ships amid budget cuts.
The aerostat, formally the Aerostar TIF-25K and made by a division of Raven Industries Inc. of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, is filled with helium. It's an old technology, models of which have been used for decades, but it's packed with cameras and sensors that expand the ship's radar capability from about 5 miles (8 kilometers) to about 50 miles. That can help teams in an on-board control center to identify larger ships, which now would appear as just dots on the horizon, from as far as 15 miles (25 kilometers) away.
The Puma, meanwhile, can be sent out to inspect a vessel flagged by the larger aerostat and give a "God's eye view," of what's happening on board, a job usually handled by a plane or helicopter, said Craig Benson, director of business development for the company.
Both the aerostat and the drone have been used widely by the U.S. government for overseas actions, but Harris and others aboard the Swift said neither has been used before by the Navy to conduct counter-drug operations.
Unmanned aerial devices, however, are not new to the drug fight. U.S. Customs and Border Protection operates 10 Predator drones, including two based in Cape Canaveral, Florida, that patrol a wide swathe of the Caribbean through the Bahamas and down to south of Puerto Rico. It deployed one to the Dominican Republic last year for six weeks and has considered using one in Honduras. The others are used along the northern and southern borders of the United States.
The U.S. military has long been deeply involved in counter-drug operations in the Southern Hemisphere, coordinated by a multi-agency task force based in Key West, Florida. Navy ships and Air Force jets use their radar to track and run down smugglers, though for legal reasons the actual arrests are carried out by the Coast Guard, civilian agencies or officials from other countries.
In March, the military said it would reduce patrols and sorties in Latin America and the Caribbean because of the automatic spending cuts imposed by Congress, another argument for increased use of aerial surveillance devices like the aerostat and drone, officials said.
Representatives on the Swift from both contractors declined to say what their systems cost. But they said each can be run at a fraction of the cost of the fixed-wing planes or helicopters usually dispatched to check out suspected smugglers.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-tries-aerial-tools-caribbean-drug-fight-114421954.html
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Dealing with Home Remodeling Careers? Go through These ...
Home improvement jobs can feel just like an interest or an endless fixation. Additionally, it may add value to your residence. This short article may help you make great choices when it comes to planning your brand new assignments and ensuring that vital faults don?t take place.
Granite floor tile is an affordable option to a granite slab if you would like cut costs.Granite slab can cost a pretty dime. It is possible to cover exactly the same area with high quality granite ceramic tiles that only cost you a couple of 100 $ $ $ $ and will also appear just like fantastic. You will also save a lot of money and you can place that into one more venture.
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If a lock has issues, you should know that one could either substitute the tube or perhaps the total assemblage. The cylinder will be the secure position always. When you don?t possess an essential and you require your fasten being transformed to be much more secure, you are able to alter the cylinder and never have to change complete fasten.
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The wise way to keep your front yard servicing regimen is maintaining it away from particles.
A new family room or den is a superb options for improvements. This will raise the convenience of your residence much more pleasant and also add benefit of your residence.For you to do this task once you have the amount of money to spend on home improvement projects.
Disconnect and nice and clean your overall dryer garden hose. Minimize the hose length down to just a couple of ft in size. You will need additional span to clean, although.
Put an uncommon add-on to your home having a distinctive add-on. A wines cellar or catalogue packed with shelves are two excellent locations to start.This may undoubtedly impress friends and possess an elegant place to reside.
It may be effort to perform changes, nevertheless it pays off in the end. Regardless of level of skill, you can discover the different aspects of redecorating. These tips were built to help those of all levels locate their way into it.
Should you wish for added points about building contractors Glasgow look at Arlena Y. Piefer?s site there?s a lot of details not detailed in this post, visit Author?s web blog to locate more.
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'Prince Avalanche' Trailer: Paul Rudd And Emile Hirsch Hit The Road
Before making three films in positioned squarely in the stoner comedy genre, director David Gordon Green specialized in small, idiosyncratic movies like "George Washington" and "All the Real Girls." His latest film, "Prince Avalanche," which stars Emile Hirsch and Paul Rudd, is Green's attempt to strip away the excess of his last three theatrical efforts [...]
Source: http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2013/04/26/prince-avalanche-trailer/
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Amanda Bynes Shaved Her Head! See the Pic
Amanda Bynes has joined the not-so-prestigious club of celebrities who have shaved their heads. But instead of buzzing all of her hair, the 27-year-old just lost the sides of her blonde locks for an edgy new look.
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Saturday, April 27, 2013
Samsung Galaxy S 4 drops original TecTile support, requires new TecTile 2
Don't get too attached to that collection of TecTiles if you're upgrading to a Galaxy S 4. AnandTech has discovered that Samsung's newer phone includes an NFC chipset that can't read the older TecTiles, which rely on a less common tag type to register our taps instead of the NFC Forum's standards. Customers aren't being left in a bind, however. Samsung has confirmed that it's about to release a follow-up, TecTile 2, which adheres to the official format while supporting the company's older NFC-equipped phones. The fully modernized tags will be ready sometime in the "coming weeks." That doesn't offer much immediate relief for GS3-to-GS4 upgraders whose TecTile layouts have suddenly been reduced to decorations, but those buyers should at least get the replacements they seek before long.
Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile, Samsung
Source: AnandTech
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/pO7ddrcuhD4/
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Friday, April 26, 2013
Tickets For Apple's WWDC 2013 Sell Out In Under 2 Minutes, Compared To 2 Hours In 2012
Tickets for Apple's annual Worldwide Developer's Conference went on sale today at 10 AM Pacific, 1 PM Eastern, and as expected, sold out in record time, at just under 2 minutes. Tickets for the developer-focused event at San Francisco's Moscone West, which features presentations and one-on-one time with Apple's own in-house engineers, sold out in just two hours in 2012, in under 12 hours in 2011, and in eight days in 2010.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/KZOms9M4AI0/
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(Ends first round) NEW YORK, April 25 (Reuters) - Selections in the first roundof the 2013 NFL Draft at Radio City Music Hall on Thursday (picknumber, NFL team, player, position, college): 1-Kansas City, Eric Fisher, offensive tackle, Central Michigan 2-Jacksonville, Luke Joeckel, offensive tackle, Texas A&M 3-Miami (from Oakland), Dion Jordan, defensive tackle, Oregon 4-Philadelphia, Lane Johnson, offensive tackle, Oklahoma 5-Detroit, Ezekiel Ansah, defensive end, Brigham Young 6-Cleveland, Barkevious Mingo, linebacker, LSU 7-Arizona, Jonathan Cooper, guard, North Carolina 8-St. ...
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/dutch-schools-color-orange-king-085650678.html
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Network Marketing Methods That Work Well In Today's Planet ? Run ...
When you find yourself looking to expand from the home business, you will need reliable places once and for all info. If you hang around on bad information you may easily spiral uncontrollable into decrease and financial debt. There is a whole lot to learn. Fortunately, you will find the best network marketing recommendations below.
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Thursday, April 25, 2013
Nokia Puts WhatsApp Hard Key On $72 Asha 210 For Asia, Africa; Qwerty S40 Handset Gets Facebook Button In Europe, Latam
Nokia has announced another handset in its S40-based Asha portfolio of low end mobiles which compete with the budget end of Android and cheap BlackBerrys. The 2G-plus-Wi-Fi Asha 210, due to ship before the end of Q2 costing $72 (before taxes), has a dedicated hardware key on the front that short-cuts to messaging app Whatsapp. A second variant, intended for separate markets, has a Facebook key.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/4dVbs6xMZYs/
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U.S. targets smuggling of bladders from endangered fish
By Marty Graham
SAN DIEGO (Reuters) - U.S. border officers in California are seizing a large number of smuggled bladders from an endangered fish that are prized for use in Chinese soups, with seven people charged since February in connection with the trade, authorities said on Wednesday.
The bladders of the totoaba macdonaldi fish are smuggled across the border from Mexico, with each organ fetching $5,000 on the U.S. black market and over $10,000 in Asia, federal prosecutors said. The fish is found in the Gulf of California between the Mexican mainland and Baja California.
The totoaba's swim bladder is a tube-shaped organ that fills with gas to help control the buoyancy of the fish, which the U.S. Attorney's Office said can grow over 6 feet long, weigh up to 220 pounds (100 kg) and live to the age of 25.
The United States listed the totoaba as an endangered species in 1979 and they are also protected in Mexico. Officials said the fish's bladder was seen in some Chinese cuisine as a prime ingredient in a type of soup and prized for its supposed ability to boost fertility and circulation.
"The Mexican fish is very similar to a Chinese species of fish that was eaten to extinction," U.S. Fish and Wildlife Special Agent in Charge Jill Birchell told reporters.
The totoaba spawn in the spring, and during that time they swim to shallow waters at the mouth of the Colorado River on the north end of the Gulf of California and fishermen begin to go after them, as the black market trade in the animal's swim bladders heats up, officials said.
"The shores are littered with carcasses because catching them (totoaba) is illegal and they don't want to move the entire fish," Birchell said.
In the latest case that led to criminal charges, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer inspecting a car at the Calexico-Mexicali port of entry, about 130 miles east of San Diego, found 27 totoaba bladders hidden under floor mats in the back seat of a car, U.S. prosecutors said in a statement.
Federal agents returned all but one bladder to the driver, Song Shen Zhen, 73, of Calexico, California, officials said.
"The officer thought something was fishy," said U.S. Customs officer Billy Whitford.
Federal agents followed Zhen to a rented house in Calexico. When they returned to the home with a search warrant, they found over 200 fish bladders spread out on floors and counters to dry, officials said.
They also found packing material and ledgers for other shipments that went to China and Hong Kong, said U.S. Attorney Laura Duffy. In all, the bladders taken from Zhen could have fetched more than $3.6 million in foreign markets, prosecutors said in the statement.
Zhen was charged last Friday with smuggling and unlawful importation of wildlife. If convicted, he faces up to 20 years in prison.
No attorney for Zhen was listed in court documents, and he could not be reached for comment.
Six other people have been charged since February in connection with the smuggling of the endangered fish bladders, in cases that authorities say are not related. In two of the cases, the defendants are still at large.
(Editing by Alex Dobuzinskis and Peter Cooney)
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Lawmakers ask who knew what about bomb suspect
FILE - This combination of undated file photos shows Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, left, and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19. The FBI says the two brothers are the suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing, and are also responsible for killing an MIT police officer, critically injuring a transit officer in a firefight and throwing explosive devices at police during a getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left Tamerlan dead and Dzhokhar captured, late Friday, April 19, 2013. The ethnic Chechen brothers lived in Dagestan, which borders the Chechnya region in southern Russia. They lived near Boston and had been in the U.S. for about a decade, one of their uncles reported said. Since Monday, Boston has experienced five days of fear, beginning with the marathon bombing attack, an intense manhunt and much uncertainty ending in the death of one suspect and the capture of the other. (AP Photo/The Lowell Sun & Robin Young, File)
FILE - This combination of undated file photos shows Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, left, and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19. The FBI says the two brothers are the suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing, and are also responsible for killing an MIT police officer, critically injuring a transit officer in a firefight and throwing explosive devices at police during a getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left Tamerlan dead and Dzhokhar captured, late Friday, April 19, 2013. The ethnic Chechen brothers lived in Dagestan, which borders the Chechnya region in southern Russia. They lived near Boston and had been in the U.S. for about a decade, one of their uncles reported said. Since Monday, Boston has experienced five days of fear, beginning with the marathon bombing attack, an intense manhunt and much uncertainty ending in the death of one suspect and the capture of the other. (AP Photo/The Lowell Sun & Robin Young, File)
Pallbearers carry the casket of fallen Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer Sean Collier into St. Patrick's Church before a funeral Mass, in Stoneham, Mass., Tuesday, April 23, 2013. Collier was fatally shot on the MIT campus Thursday, April 18, 2013. Authorities allege that the Boston Marathon bombing suspects were responsible. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)
This undated photo provided by Bill Richard shows his son, Martin Richard, in Boston. Martin Richard, 8, was among the at least three people killed in the explosions at the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, April 15, 2013. (AP Photo/Bill Richard)
Investigators from the FBI inspect the boat where Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was found hiding on Friday night in a backyard in Watertown, Mass., Tuesday, April 23, 2013. There is blood spattered on the wheel fender of the trailer and bullet holes in the hull of the boat. Tsarnaev had gunshot wounds to the head, neck, legs and hands when he was captured hiding out in the boat on Friday night, April 19, 2013. (AP Photo/The Boston Globe, David L. Ryan) BOSTON HERALD OUT; QUINCY OUT; NO SALES
A man sweeps around the outdoor seating area at a business on Boylston Street in Boston Tuesday, April 23, 2013 about two blocks from the Boston Marathon finish line where two bombings killed three people and injured many. Boylston Street businesses near the finish area remain closed to the public, but business owners are slowly being allowed to prepare to re-open. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
BOSTON (AP) ? Lawmakers are asking tough questions about how the government tracked suspected Boston Marathon bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev when he traveled to Russia last year, renewing criticism from after the Sept. 11 attacks that failure to share intelligence may have contributed to last week's deadly assault.
Following a closed-door briefing on Capitol Hill with the FBI and other law enforcement officials on Tuesday, Sen. Saxby Chambliss, R-Ga., vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said it doesn't appear yet that anyone "dropped the ball." But he said he was asking all the federal agencies for more information about who knew what about the suspect.
"There still seem to be serious problems with sharing information, including critical investigative information ... not only among agencies but also within the same agency in one case," said committee member Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine.
Lawmakers intensified their scrutiny as funerals were held Tuesday for an 8-year-old boy killed in the bombings and a campus police officer who authorities said was shot by Tsarnaev and his younger brother days later. A memorial service for the officer, 26-year-old Sean Collier, is scheduled for Wednesday. Vice President Joe Biden is expected to speak.
Also Wednesday, Boylston Street, where the blasts occurred, reopened to the public after being closed since the bombings.
While family said that the older Tsarnaev had been influenced by a Muslim convert to follow a strict type of Islam, brother 19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev remained hospitalized after days of questioning over his role in the attacks. Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a shootout with police last week.
Conflicting stories appeared to emerge about which agencies knew about Tamerlan Tsarnaev's six-month trip to Russia last year how they handled it. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano told the Senate Judiciary Committee on immigration legislation that her agency knew about Tsarnaev's journey to his homeland.
But Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., said the FBI "told me they had no knowledge of him leaving or coming back."
Information-sharing failures between agencies prompted an overhaul of the U.S. intelligence system after the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks.
Meanwhile, evidence mounted that Tsarnaev had embraced a radical, anti-American strain of Islam. Family members blamed the influence of a Muslim convert, known only to the family as Misha, for steering him toward a strict type of Islam.
"Somehow, he just took his brain," said Tamerlan's uncle, Ruslan Tsarni of Montgomery Village, Md., who recalled conversations with Tamerlan's worried father about Misha's influence.
Authorities don't believe Tsarnaev or his brother had links to terror groups. However, two U.S. officials said that Tsarnaev frequently looked at extremist websites, including Inspire magazine, an English-language online publication produced by al-Qaida's Yemen affiliate. The magazine has endorsed lone-wolf terror attacks.
Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation publicly.
Eight-year-old Martin Richard, a Boston schoolboy and the youngest of those killed by the blasts, was laid to rest Tuesday after a family-only funeral Mass.
"The outpouring of love and support over the last week has been tremendous," the family said in a statement. "This has been the most difficult week of our lives."
The Richards family said they would hold a public memorial service for Martin in the coming weeks.
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's condition was upgraded from serious to fair Tuesday as investigators continued building their case against him.
He could face the death penalty after being charged Monday with joining forces with his brother in setting off shrapnel-packed pressure-cooker bombs. Three people were killed and over 260 injured. About 50 were still hospitalized.
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was captured hiding in a tarp-covered boat in a suburban Boston backyard on Friday.
In Washington, Senate Intelligence Committee member Richard Burr, R-N.C., said after his panel was briefed by federal law enforcement officials that there is "no question" that Tamerlan Tsarnaev was "the dominant force" behind the attacks and that the brothers had apparently been radicalized by material on the Internet rather than by contact with militant groups overseas.
The brothers' parents are from Dagestan, a predominantly Muslim province in Russia's Caucasus, where Islamic militants have waged an insurgency against Russia. A U.S. Embassy official said Wednesday that a team of U.S. investigators has traveled to Dagestan to speak to the parents. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media.
Family members reached in the U.S. and abroad by The Associated Press said Tamerlan was influenced by Misha.
After befriending Misha, Tamerlan gave up boxing, stopped studying music and began opposing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to family members, who said he turned to websites and literature claiming that the CIA was behind 9/11.
"You could always hear his younger brother and sisters say, 'Tamerlan said this,' and 'Tamerlan said that.' Dzhokhar loved him. He would do whatever Tamerlan would say," recalled Elmirza Khozhugov, the ex-husband of Tamerlan's sister. He spoke by telephone from his home in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
The brothers, who came to the U.S. from Russia a decade ago, were raised in a home that followed Sunni Islam, the religion's largest sect, but were not regulars at the mosque and rarely discussed religion, Khozhugov said.
Then, in 2008 or 2009, Tamerlan met Misha, a heavyset bald man with a reddish beard. Khozhugov didn't know where they met but believed they attended a Boston-area mosque together.
Napolitano said Tuesday that her agency knew of Tamerlan Tsarnaev's trip to Russia. She said that even though the suspect's name was misspelled on a travel document, redundancies in the system allowed his departure to be captured by U.S. authorities in January 2012.
Meanwhile, a U.S. Embassy official said U.S. investigators traveled to southern Russia to speak to the brothers' parents, hoping to learn more about their motives.
In other developments:
? A lawyer for Tamerlan Tsarnaev's wife, Katherine Tsarnaeva, said his client "is doing everything she can to assist with the investigation," although he would not say whether she had spoken with federal authorities. Another lawyer for Tsarnaeva said the 24-year-old deeply mourned the loss of innocent victims in the bombings.
? The Massachusetts state House turned aside a bid by several lawmakers to reinstate the death penalty in certain cases, including the murder of police officers. In a 119-38 vote, the House sent the proposal to a study committee rather than advance it to an up-or-down vote.
? In New Jersey, the sisters of the suspects, Ailina and Bella Tsarnaeva, issued a statement saying they were saddened to "see so many innocent people hurt after such a callous act." Later, in brief remarks to several news outlets, Ailina described her elder brother as a "kind and loving man." She said of both brothers: "I have no idea what got into them" and also that "at the end of the day no one knows the truth."
? Phantom Fireworks of Seabrook, N.H., said Tamerlan Tsarnaev bought 48 mortar shells at the store in February. Company Vice President William Weimer, however, said the amount of gunpowder that could be extracted from the fireworks would not have been enough for the Boston bombs.
? A fund created to benefit the victims of the Boston Marathon attacks has generated $20 million. Mayor Thomas Menino said more than 50,000 donors from across the world have made donations to One Fund Boston.
___
Dozier reported from Washington. Associated Press writers Bridget Murphy and Bob Salsberg in Boston, Lynn Berry in Moscow, and Adam Goldman, Eric Tucker, Matt Apuzzo, and Eileen Sullivan in Washington contributed to this report.
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ARM reports 28% rise in Q1 revenue - Computer Business Review
CBR Staff Writer Published 24 April 2013
Driven by the increasing demand for microchip designs
UK based semiconductor and software design company ARM Holdings has reported 28% increase in revenue for the first quarter of 2013 to ?170.3m from ?132.5m it reported during the same period prior year.
The company recorded 25% rise in mobile chip shipments while the embedded shipments increased by 50% compared to the same period last year.
In the first quarter of 2013, company's pretax profit grew 44% to ?89.4m from ?61.9m in 2012. .
The adjusted EPS for the quarter increased 58% to 5.31pence from 3.36 pence in the same period last year.
For the quarter, the total IFRS operating expenses of the company were ?95.2m that increased from the ?76.2m recorded during first quarter of 2012.
During the period, the company signed 22 processor licenses in different markets including smartphones, mobile computing, digital television and other technology.
The company has reported 35% increase in shipments of ARM-based chips to 2.6 billion units compared to corresponding period last year.
ARM Holdings chief executive officer Warren East said the company has reported strong revenue and earnings growth, driven by robust licensing and royalty revenue.
"In particular, this quarter ARM saw strong uptake of its next generation, higher royalty bearing ARMv8, Mali and big.LITTLE technology for smartphones and mobile computers," East said.
"ARM's royalty revenues again outpaced the wider semiconductor industry. This outperformance has been driven by market share gains in key end markets including digital TVs and microcontrollers.
"In addition, the growth in smartphones and tablets continues to benefit ARM. Even low cost smart devices can contain multiple ARM-based chips and be based on ARM's advanced Cortex-A series technology and Mali graphics processors."
Source: http://www.cbronline.com/news/arm-reports-28-rise-in-q1-revenue-240413
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Tuesday, April 23, 2013
The Perils of Investing in What You Know - NYTimes.com
Carl Richards is a certified financial planner in Park City, Utah, and is the director of investor education at The BAM Alliance. His book, ?The Behavior Gap,? was published this year. His sketches are archived?on the Bucks blog.
If you?re my generation or older, you probably remember Peter Lynch.
He was the famous manager of Fidelity?s Magellan Fund from 1977 to 1990. While Mr. Lynch?s track record covers only 13 years, it?s easy to see why many consider him to be one of the greatest investment managers of all time.
When he took over the fund in 1977, it had only $18 million in assets. But when he retired in 1990, the fund had grown to $19 billion in assets. Over those 13 years, Mr. Lynch managed to achieve a compounded average investment return of 29.2 percent, while the Standard & Poor?s 500 Index only rose 15.8 percent
On top of being a great manager, Mr. Lynch was also a prolific and talented writer. It was said that his approach to investing was so simple and clearly written in his books ? ??One Up on Wall Street? and ?Beating the Street? ? that he inspired many do-it-yourself investors and future managers.
I have a favorite Lynch saying: ?Never invest in any idea you can?t illustrate with a crayon.? I think my reasons for liking that particular one are obvious. But I?m seeing a troubling trend related to another one of Mr. Lynch?s ideas: Invest in what you know. ?People are using it to justify dangerous investing decisions.
This brand of investing was made famous by the great stories that Mr. Lynch told, particularly about individual stocks. For instance, he once?told a story about how his wife loved a new Hanes product so much ? L?eggs pantyhose ? that he bought Hanes stock. It became the largest portion of the fund, and fundholders eventually enjoyed a 30-fold appreciation in the stock.
As fun as it can be to hear these stories, when they are viewed in isolation they can be incredibly dangerous for investors. And Mr. Lynch isn?t alone in being taken out of context. Warren Buffett has offered similar advice about how you should never invest in businesses that you don?t understand.
But here?s the thing we need to remember: Whatever the advice, it?s just the starting point for investors like Mr. Lynch and Mr. Buffett, not the end point. Yes, they may have started with things they knew. But they also did a bunch of research, and it?s this second part that?s missing from many investors? decision-making process.
It seems crazy to assume that buying what you know should replace research, but that doesn?t seem to be stopping people. I?ve heard more than one person justify a decision to buy Apple stock because they really love their iPhone. That?s about as wise as buying Crumbs? stock because you love their cupcakes. But that doesn?t seem to have stopped individual investors from buying shares of Apple. As a Times story noted last week:
The investment firm SigFig estimated last fall that 17 percent of all retail investors owned Apple stock, four times the number that owns the average stock in the Dow Jones industrial average.
If you pick and invest in individual stocks, what you?re really doing is focusing on just one piece of Mr. Lynch and Mr. Buffet?s advice. And for most of us, that?s just too risky. It makes more sense to invest in diversified, low-cost index funds. (In fact, Mr. Buffet bet that an index fund would beat a set of hedge funds; he?s winning that bet.)
And even though Mr. Lynch and Mr. Buffett clearly stand above the rest of us mere mortals, one piece of their advice doesn?t replace the other requirements of good investing behavior.
?
Source: http://bucks.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/22/the-perils-of-investing-in-what-you-know/
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Salsarita's Announces New Area Development ... - Franchising.com
Gibson Family Enterprises, LLC to Open Three Lexington Restaurants by 2015
April 22, 2013 // Franchising.com // Lexington, KY - Salsarita?s, the Fresh Mexican Cantina with locations across the country, has announced a development agreement that will bring three new restaurants to Lexington by the end of 2016 as it expands nationally through franchising.
Long-time local residents Bill and Holli Gibson are the entrepreneurs who will be introducing Salsarita?s to Lexington. The Gibsons expect to open the first restaurant in early 2014 in Lexington?s Hamburg Place neighborhood. The couple hopes to open future restaurants in southern Fayette County as well as near the University of Kentucky campus.
Holli was born and raised in nearby Paris, Kentucky, where she and Bill have resided for more than 20 years. The Gibsons have no shortage of business experience. Bill has worked in the finance industry for more than 15 years and Holli owned and operated a retail gift store for 10 years. She now owns and operates HHG Photography, a portrait studio, in Paris.
Long before deciding to become Salsarita?s owners, the Gibsons were fans of the brand.
?We first ate at Salsarita?s in 2011 when we stopped at the Knoxville restaurant while traveling,? said Holli. ?We were immediately impressed with the brand. The food was delicious and the service and ambiance of the restaurant really stood out. Over the past two years we?ve sought out Salsarita?s restaurants in Jacksonville and Louisville and now we?re excited to bring the brand to our hometown.?
The Gibsons have teamed with a local restaurant industry veteran who will serve as the company?s managing partner and handle the day-to-day operations of the business.
?Salsarita?s has been operating in Kentucky for more than 10 years and our restaurants, two in Louisville and one in Owensboro, have been very successful,? said Chris Bailey, vice president of franchise development for Salsarita?s. ?We plan to open at least a dozen locations across the state over the next five years with five to seven of those planned for the greater Lexington metropolitan area.?
In June 2011, franchising industry veteran Phil Friedman acquired the Salsarita?s chain. Friedman has a long history of success in franchising and most recently served as chairman, CEO and president of McAlister?s Corporation, which grew from 27 to 300 restaurants during his tenure. Friedman named Larry Reinstein as president and COO. Reinstein is a well-respected leader in the multi-unit restaurant industry and a pioneer in the fast-casual segment. The duo implemented a number of changes now seen at restaurants across the country including an updated look, digital menu boards and a number of new menu items. Systemwide sales for 2012 were 8.2% more than 2011.
About Salsarita?s
Founded in 2000 in Charlotte, N.C., Salsarita?s offers Mexican favorites such as signature Casaritos?, Mexican pizza-inspired Cantizzas?, and an assortment of tacos, quesadillas and nachos made fresh to order with an extensive selection of proteins, toppings and fillings, as well as six flavorful house-made salsas. The company has more than 80 franchised locations in 19 states. Seven restaurants are company-owned. Salsarita?s expects to have at least 10 new restaurants operating and 4-6 franchise agreements signed before the end of 2013, with long-range projections calling for over 300 locations nationwide over the next several years. For more information, visit www.salsaritas.com.
SOURCE??Salsarita?s
Media Contact:
Sanderson & Associates, Ltd.
Courtney Thomas
312-829-4350
courtney@sandersonpr.com
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Source: http://www.franchising.com/news/20130422_salsaritarsquos_announces_new_area_development_agr.html
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Galaxy S 4, future Samsung devices to use DigitalOptics tech for face tracking
When Samsung unveiled the Galaxy S 4 in March, there was a near-inescapable emphasis on face detection features. What we didn't know is just whose technology was making them possible. As it happens, it's not entirely Samsung's -- DigitalOptics has stepped forward to claim some of the responsibility. The California firm recently struck a multi-year licensing deal with Samsung to supply its Face Detection and Face Tracking software, which can detect pupils for interface features (think Smart Stay or Smart Pause) and keep tabs on photo subjects. DigitalOptics hasn't provided the exact details of its involvement in the GS4, let alone a roadmap, but it's safe to presume that Samsung isn't dropping its emphasis on camera-driven software anytime soon.
Filed under: Cellphones, Cameras, Mobile, Samsung
Source: DigitalOptics
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/89BbNE-z40w/
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Words of Nelson Mandela take over Times Square's billboards
By Jonathan Allen
(Reuters) - A film installation celebrating the words of Nelson Mandela, the former South African president, is taking over many of the electronic billboards of New York's Times Square for a few minutes every night for the month of April.
The short film was commissioned by the Tribeca Film Institute, an arts organization co-founded by actor Robert De Niro. It is being played shortly before midnight across many of Times Square's glowing screens for the rest of the month.
"We're in the crossroads of the world, it's all about the glitz and the glamour, and all of a sudden you're seeing this man to remind us of our humanity," Ndaba Mandela, a 30-year-old grandson of the anti-apartheid leader, said at a special screening of the film on Friday night.
De Niro also attended the event at a Times Square hotel and posed for pictures with Ndaba and Kweku Mandela, another grandson, but did not make any remarks.
The two grandsons worked with filmmakers Nabil Elderkin, Andrew van der Westhuyzen and Gregory Stern to choose inspiring quotes from Nelson Mandela's speeches to honor his 95th birthday in July.
Mandela spent 27 years on Robben Island and in other jails as a result of his struggle to end apartheid in South Africa before becoming the country's first black president in 1994.
His words have been animated to dance across screens that normally advertise clothing, movies and corporations. About a dozen electronic billboards, including one on Thomson Reuters' Times Square building, are participating, organizers said.
Mandela, who stepped down from office in 1999, has had health problems recently and spent more than a week in the hospital with pneumonia this month.
"He's doing much better," Ndaba Mandela, who said he lived with his grandfather in Johannesburg, said in an interview. "I would say he is about 80 percent."
He added that his grandfather had offered his approval upon learning that his words would be projected in Times Square. "If he doesn't support something, he'll let you know," Mandela said.
(Reporting By Jonathan Allen; Editing by Stacey Joyce)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/words-nelson-mandela-over-times-squares-billboards-104842256.html
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Google's new Places for Business app lets you verify and update listings on your iPhone
When you run your own business, time is money and sometimes you don't have the excess minutes to return to your PC and tweak your Google Place Google+ Local listing, right? Fortunately, if you're carrying an iPhone in your pocket and have Google's new Places for Business app, you can adjust those opening times, verify your establishment (and more) on the go. Other features include web traffic tracking, plus the ability to beautify your Google+ listing with fresh images and handle multiple branches from one place. Google's latest business-facing software is available to US-based business owners on iTunes -- it's Apple-only for now.
Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile, Apple, Google
Via: 9to5Mac
Source: Google Places for Business (iTunes)
Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/IDfDPdM5uZE/
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Atlantic cod in for even more stress?
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Public release date: 22-Apr-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Sina Loeschke
medien@awi.de
49-471-483-12008
Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
Marine biologists launch a new research project on the impact of climate change on the popular commercial fish
Bremerhaven, 17 April 2013. Researchers have known for some years that the Atlantic cod beats the retreat in the direction of the Arctic when the waters in its traditional habitat become too warm. In summer, shoals from the Atlantic Ocean, for example, are now moving up as far as Spitsbergen into the waters the Arctic cod calls its own. In the next two and a half years, biologists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, together with scientists from Kiel, Bremen, Dsseldorf and Mnster, will be seeking to discover the consequences of this climate-related migration on the stocks of these two commercial fish species, how the fish are responding to the water becoming warmer and more acidic and at which stages of life the changes are most dangerous to them. The first investigations are already in progress as part of the joint project BIOACID with focus placed on the early life stages.
Until recently, Flemming Dahlke, fishery biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), could not have imagined that he would one day have to resort to the fishing rod to pursue his doctorate. But after several fruitless attempts at getting hold of an Atlantic cod ready to spawn, a fishing trip proved to be the most profitable method. Flemming Dahlke stripped off the eggs from his catch, fertilised these with Atlantic cod sperm and was finally able to start on his actual research work.
At the Swedish research station of Kristineberg, the AWI fishery biologist observes, documents and measures how the cod eggs develop at different water temperatures. He would like to know whether as many larvae hatch from eggs which have matured in sea water at a temperature of 12 degrees as from eggs which have been kept in water at a temperature of six degrees, and how the quantity of dissolved carbon dioxide in water impairs the survival chance of the fish spawn.
These two questions are among the focal research topics of the BIOACID fish consortium headed by AWI biologist Dr. Felix Mark. In this research project marine biologists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, the GEOMAR, and the Universities of Bremen, Dsseldorf and Mnster together with partners from Norway and Sweden investigate how sensitive the two commercial fish species, Atlantic cod and Arctic cod, are to the increasing warming and acidification of the sea water. In nine closely linked sub-projects they study all life stages of the fish and their genetic patterns: from spawn and the development of the larvae, through the juvenile fish and their favourite food, the copepod, to the mature parent fish.
"As for all other organisms, the Atlantic cod and Arctic cod feel the most comfortable in a specific temperature range. During the spawning season, for example, the Atlantic cod prefers temperatures of between three and seven degrees Celsius. By contrast, the Arctic cod breeds at temperatures of between zero to four degrees Celsius. If the temperature of the sea now increases due to climate change, the animals become stressed, a condition which is greatly exacerbated by the increasing ocean acidification. We suspect that these new environmental conditions will lead to the comfort ranges of both species becoming smaller and that the habitat of the fish will increasingly overlap. This means that the Atlantic cod can be expected to seriously compete with the Arctic cod ", says Dr. Daniela Storch, biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute.
Just which fish species has the best chances of survival will be investigated by the project members in complex behavioural experiments and during a four-week expedition. "From mid August to mid September this year we will be fishing the fjords of the north, west and south coasts of Spitsbergen on the research vessel Heincke. We firstly wish to document where we find which species at this time of year. Secondly, we are interested in catching a great deal of fish which we will bring back alive to Bremerhaven and can then study in the over 100 new basins of our aquarium facility", explains Felix Mark.
The planned experiments include performance analyses in the ultra-modern flow channel and the two MRI scanners of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven. "Using this apparatus we can not only look into the brain of the fish but even into its individual cells. We are able to recognise, for example, how its metabolism alters within the cells, how heart and blood circulation of the fish react to the rise in water temperature, at which pH value of the water the fish reaches its performance limits or in which way temperature and degree of acidification affect its senses", explains Felix Mark.
The researchers know from investigations of tropical fish, for example, that their offspring have a reduced sense of smell as ocean acidification rises. The consequence: the young fish find it more difficult to return home and are more likely to fall prey to others. So are heat-shy Atlantic cod and its Arctic cousin facing a similar fate in view of climate change? Flemming Dahlke's first results are at least interesting: "There are many signs that the water temperature plays an important role in the breeding of the cod. There was as virtually no life in those eggs fertilised in sea water at a temperature of twelve degrees", reports the phd student.
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Glossary:
Atlantic cod:
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is one of the most important commercial fish species in the North Atlantic. Stocks of Atlantic cod are divided over both sides of the North Atlantic but the fish also live in the coastal waters off the southern tip of Greenland and around the island as well as in the North and Baltic Sea. Whilst the young fish prefer the shallow waters with sea grass beds or rock crannies, older fish tend to be found in shoals during the day at a depth of 150 to 200 metres. At night each animal searches for food alone, hunting for invertebrates, smaller fish and also juvenile fish of their own species under some circumstances. Adult fish reach a body length of around one metre. However, outstanding specimens two metres in length have also been caught. The Atlantic code tolerates water temperatures of up to 15 degrees Celsius and is brownish to greenish or grey dorsally and pale ventrally. The stocks of Atlantic cod along the American east coast and in European waters have dropped steeply due to intensive fishing in the eighties. Nowadays, primarily Norwegian, Icelandic and Russian fishermen find Atlantic cod in their nets.
Industrial production of Atlantic cod has been attempted primarily in the USA, Canada, Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom. However, the financial market crisis in 2010 and the as yet unsolved problems in breeding itself have so far prevented any further growth in this economic sector.
More information on the Atlantic cod and its significance as a commercial fish may be found in the web portal of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Gadus_morhua/en#tcNA003F
Arctic cod:
Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) lives in the central Arctic Ocean and in the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The fish occur both beneath the sea ice and in the ice-free and also near-shore waters. Arctic cod are usually around 25 centimetres long and feed on copepods, amphipods and smaller fish. They are brownish along the back with many fine dark points. Sides and belly are silvery. The animals are currently caught primarily by Russian and Norwegian fishermen for the production of fish meal and oil.
More information of the Arctic cod and its significance as a commercial fish may be found in the web portal of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2233/en
BIOACID:
BIOACID is an acronym for the major research project "Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification", within which 14 institutes explore how marine organisms react to ocean acidification and the impact on the food web, the ecosystems in the sea and ultimately also on the economy and society. The project moved into its second phase in September 2012. The Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) supports the work of this three-year second phase with EUR 8.77 million. More information on the entire project is available at http://www.bioacid.de.
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Public release date: 22-Apr-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Sina Loeschke
medien@awi.de
49-471-483-12008
Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
Marine biologists launch a new research project on the impact of climate change on the popular commercial fish
Bremerhaven, 17 April 2013. Researchers have known for some years that the Atlantic cod beats the retreat in the direction of the Arctic when the waters in its traditional habitat become too warm. In summer, shoals from the Atlantic Ocean, for example, are now moving up as far as Spitsbergen into the waters the Arctic cod calls its own. In the next two and a half years, biologists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, together with scientists from Kiel, Bremen, Dsseldorf and Mnster, will be seeking to discover the consequences of this climate-related migration on the stocks of these two commercial fish species, how the fish are responding to the water becoming warmer and more acidic and at which stages of life the changes are most dangerous to them. The first investigations are already in progress as part of the joint project BIOACID with focus placed on the early life stages.
Until recently, Flemming Dahlke, fishery biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), could not have imagined that he would one day have to resort to the fishing rod to pursue his doctorate. But after several fruitless attempts at getting hold of an Atlantic cod ready to spawn, a fishing trip proved to be the most profitable method. Flemming Dahlke stripped off the eggs from his catch, fertilised these with Atlantic cod sperm and was finally able to start on his actual research work.
At the Swedish research station of Kristineberg, the AWI fishery biologist observes, documents and measures how the cod eggs develop at different water temperatures. He would like to know whether as many larvae hatch from eggs which have matured in sea water at a temperature of 12 degrees as from eggs which have been kept in water at a temperature of six degrees, and how the quantity of dissolved carbon dioxide in water impairs the survival chance of the fish spawn.
These two questions are among the focal research topics of the BIOACID fish consortium headed by AWI biologist Dr. Felix Mark. In this research project marine biologists from the Alfred Wegener Institute, the GEOMAR, and the Universities of Bremen, Dsseldorf and Mnster together with partners from Norway and Sweden investigate how sensitive the two commercial fish species, Atlantic cod and Arctic cod, are to the increasing warming and acidification of the sea water. In nine closely linked sub-projects they study all life stages of the fish and their genetic patterns: from spawn and the development of the larvae, through the juvenile fish and their favourite food, the copepod, to the mature parent fish.
"As for all other organisms, the Atlantic cod and Arctic cod feel the most comfortable in a specific temperature range. During the spawning season, for example, the Atlantic cod prefers temperatures of between three and seven degrees Celsius. By contrast, the Arctic cod breeds at temperatures of between zero to four degrees Celsius. If the temperature of the sea now increases due to climate change, the animals become stressed, a condition which is greatly exacerbated by the increasing ocean acidification. We suspect that these new environmental conditions will lead to the comfort ranges of both species becoming smaller and that the habitat of the fish will increasingly overlap. This means that the Atlantic cod can be expected to seriously compete with the Arctic cod ", says Dr. Daniela Storch, biologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute.
Just which fish species has the best chances of survival will be investigated by the project members in complex behavioural experiments and during a four-week expedition. "From mid August to mid September this year we will be fishing the fjords of the north, west and south coasts of Spitsbergen on the research vessel Heincke. We firstly wish to document where we find which species at this time of year. Secondly, we are interested in catching a great deal of fish which we will bring back alive to Bremerhaven and can then study in the over 100 new basins of our aquarium facility", explains Felix Mark.
The planned experiments include performance analyses in the ultra-modern flow channel and the two MRI scanners of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven. "Using this apparatus we can not only look into the brain of the fish but even into its individual cells. We are able to recognise, for example, how its metabolism alters within the cells, how heart and blood circulation of the fish react to the rise in water temperature, at which pH value of the water the fish reaches its performance limits or in which way temperature and degree of acidification affect its senses", explains Felix Mark.
The researchers know from investigations of tropical fish, for example, that their offspring have a reduced sense of smell as ocean acidification rises. The consequence: the young fish find it more difficult to return home and are more likely to fall prey to others. So are heat-shy Atlantic cod and its Arctic cousin facing a similar fate in view of climate change? Flemming Dahlke's first results are at least interesting: "There are many signs that the water temperature plays an important role in the breeding of the cod. There was as virtually no life in those eggs fertilised in sea water at a temperature of twelve degrees", reports the phd student.
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Glossary:
Atlantic cod:
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is one of the most important commercial fish species in the North Atlantic. Stocks of Atlantic cod are divided over both sides of the North Atlantic but the fish also live in the coastal waters off the southern tip of Greenland and around the island as well as in the North and Baltic Sea. Whilst the young fish prefer the shallow waters with sea grass beds or rock crannies, older fish tend to be found in shoals during the day at a depth of 150 to 200 metres. At night each animal searches for food alone, hunting for invertebrates, smaller fish and also juvenile fish of their own species under some circumstances. Adult fish reach a body length of around one metre. However, outstanding specimens two metres in length have also been caught. The Atlantic code tolerates water temperatures of up to 15 degrees Celsius and is brownish to greenish or grey dorsally and pale ventrally. The stocks of Atlantic cod along the American east coast and in European waters have dropped steeply due to intensive fishing in the eighties. Nowadays, primarily Norwegian, Icelandic and Russian fishermen find Atlantic cod in their nets.
Industrial production of Atlantic cod has been attempted primarily in the USA, Canada, Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom. However, the financial market crisis in 2010 and the as yet unsolved problems in breeding itself have so far prevented any further growth in this economic sector.
More information on the Atlantic cod and its significance as a commercial fish may be found in the web portal of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Gadus_morhua/en#tcNA003F
Arctic cod:
Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) lives in the central Arctic Ocean and in the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The fish occur both beneath the sea ice and in the ice-free and also near-shore waters. Arctic cod are usually around 25 centimetres long and feed on copepods, amphipods and smaller fish. They are brownish along the back with many fine dark points. Sides and belly are silvery. The animals are currently caught primarily by Russian and Norwegian fishermen for the production of fish meal and oil.
More information of the Arctic cod and its significance as a commercial fish may be found in the web portal of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2233/en
BIOACID:
BIOACID is an acronym for the major research project "Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification", within which 14 institutes explore how marine organisms react to ocean acidification and the impact on the food web, the ecosystems in the sea and ultimately also on the economy and society. The project moved into its second phase in September 2012. The Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) supports the work of this three-year second phase with EUR 8.77 million. More information on the entire project is available at http://www.bioacid.de.
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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/haog-aci042213.php
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